AGDIGITALNOTES

chief features of Cavalier poetry chief features of Romanticism Feminism and Feminist Theory The word Metaphysics means based on abstract general reasoning . Basically it deals with questions that can’t be explained by science. It questions the nature of reality in a philosophical way. Metaphysics cover a broad range of topics from religious to consciousness; however all ponder the nature of reality. Literary critic and poet Samuel Johnson first coined the term ‘ Metaphysical Poetry’ in his book Lives of the Most Eminent English Poets. It denotes the work of group of poets who came directly or indirectly under Donne’s influence. Usually lyrical in nature, there work shows a surprising blend of passion and thought; their poems are full of learned imagery and striking conceits and at their best reveal great psychological insight and subtlety of thought development. Metaphysical poetry is primarily a style which provides the poet with a tool that places emotions in the wider ma...

chief features of metaphysical poetry Colonialism Historians of English Literature have designated the period from 1798 to 1832 as the Romantic Period. William Wordsworth and S.T.Coleridge published Lyrical Ballads in 1798 and Sir William Scott died in 1832. The term ‘Romantic’ implies a literary and philosophical theory which tends to see individual at the very center of life and all experience. The individual is placed at the center of art. Literature is therefore an expression of his unique feelings and particular attitudes. Romanticism is opposed to the artificial conventions, the reigning literary tradition and the poetic establishment. It is concerned with the individual, the informal, the emotional and the dynamic. It attempts to catch the transient moments. For the poets of this period, Art is a mirror in which we find a reflection of life. According to Wordsworth, ‘poetry is a spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings’. It is an inborn gift and not so...

Stream of Consciousness is a phrase coined by psychologist William James in his research work The Principles of Psychology (1890 ) to describe the flow of thoughts of the waking mind. According to him the intervention of time cannot break the continuity of consciousness. It flows like a stream of river. The writers of this group relate all mental experience of their characters be they pleasant or unpleasant, trivial or significance without any restrain. The novels of Dorothy Richardson, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are often seen as examples of this method. James Joyce one of the greatest novelist started his career with realistic pictures of life in his works but with special emphasis on the exploration of the state of human consciousness i.e. adopting the stream of consciousness technique. He employed this in his first novel A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man (1916) and thus, used more extensively in Ulysses (1922).   James Joyce’s A Portrait of the Ar...

The issue regarding the intention of the artist has been taken up by the critics down the ages. A group of critics are of the view that an artist has a definite intention that is the device through which he gives vent to his inspiration and to the message that he wants to put forth. The Artistic Intention has often been explained with regard to the romantic writers. The poets of romantic age were extremely egoistical and highly subjective personals. Their artistic creation is a reflection on their egotism. In reading poets like William Wordsworth, Coleridge, Byron and Shelley we get an ample evidence of their intentions. Sometimes, however with regard to John Keats the artistic intention cannot be easily explored. In fact, the negative capability in Keats and Shakespeare’s writings come on the way of making any inference about their intentions. In the twentieth century, the critics have opined that art is not an expression of self; it is an escape from self. Thus, an artist i...

Baroque Style                 Objective Correlative                           Artistic Intention Poetic Diction is a term used to mean language and usage peculiar to poetry. This came into prominence with William Wordsworth’s the Preface to the Lyrical Ballads in which he claims to have taken pains to avoid what is usually called ‘Poetic Diction’ though it succumbed to a lot of controversy. According to Wordsworth, There should be no such thing as language and usage peculiar to poetry . He asserts that there is and should be no essential difference between the language of prose and the language of metrical composition as poetic style is organic and not perspective. As he wrote in his Essay on Epitaphs , language is not the dress of thought but its incarnation. Therefore, every poet’s mode of experience is peculiar to him; it will find expression in a style appropriate...

Poetic Diction                    Dissociation of Sensibility Colonialism Objective Correlative is a term introduced by T.S.Eliot in his essay Hamlet and his Problems (1919). His doctrine of poetic impersonality finds its most classical formulation. He says, The only way of expressing emotion in the form of art is by finding an ‘objective correlative’; in other words a set of objects, a situation, a chain of events which shall be the formula of that particular emotion, such that when the external facts, which must terminate in sensory experience, are given, the emotion is immediately evoked .   According to him the writer cannot communicate his emotions directly to the readers, he has to find some object suggestive of it and only then he can evoke the same emotion in his readers. It is through objective correlative that the transaction between author and the reader takes place. Eliot illustrates this by giving examples ...

Objective Correlative Dissociation of Sensibility- a phrase coined by T.S.Eliot in an essay entitled The Metaphysical Poets (1921) to describe, Something that happened to the mind of England between the time of Donne or Lord Herbert of Cherbury and the time of Tennyson and Browning; it is the difference between the intellectual poet and the reflective poet . Tennyson and Browning are poets and they think, but they do not feel their thought as immediately as the odour of a rose. A thought to Donne was an experience, it modifies his sensibility .   According to Eliot,  In the seventeenth century a dissociation of sensibility set in from which we have never recovered .    The term ‘dissociation of sensibility’ stands generally for the separation of feeling from thinking, intellect from passion. This takes place specially when one feature or quality in a poem is emphasised and refined at the cost of the other or in other words when only one aspe...

Relevance of Title                             Christy Mohan John Millington Synge (1871-1909) is considered as the greatest dramatist of the Irish Literary revival. Along with W.B.Yeats and Lady Gregory he made the Abbey Theatre of Dublin a famous centre of dramatic activities. He wrote several plays- The Aran Islands, The Shadow of Glen, Riders to the Sea, The Tinker’s Wedding, The Playboy of the Western World, The Well of the Saints and Deirdre of Sorrows .   These plays provide evidence of his versatility and have won and preserved for him a permanent place among the great names in the British drama.     The Playboy of the Western World, a highly controversial play exposed the middle class audience to a different portrayal of Irish countryside life as opposed to the traditional idyllic image they were accustomed to. The play has been looked at variously from the point of view of its genre, ...

Relevance of Title                            Theme John Millington Synge (1871-1909) is considered as the greatest dramatist of the Irish Literary revival. The characters drawn by him were real human beings of flesh and blood. He did allow his feelings to colour his portraits. A.C. Collins notices a Shakespearean touch in The Playboy of the Western World. He says, No doubt, neither Pegeen nor the other girls, nor indeed any of the characters are even likely, but, whatever Ireland thought the outer world could rejoice is the vitality and humour of the conception. Here was human nature simple and crude, cunning and brutal, greedy, spiteful and changeable but warm in the blood and capable of poetry… Synge did not agree with the Irish patriots who presented all Irish men as noble and women as virtuoso. He presents real life human beings at its best and at its worst, in spirituality and in animal savagery. In th...

Dr. Arti Gupta At present everyone in the world is well aware with Corona virus. It has affected our everyday life. So much has changed in such a short time. We all know what measures we should take to prevent the spread and are following daily. Here, I ‘m going to tell you about few things that we should adopt to boost our family mentally especially our children. It’s natural for everyone to feel anxious during crises. Anxiety is a normal emotion that we need to pay attention to protect ourselves. It’s a sudden reaction to feel the need for safety, predictability and control. But, when this becomes overwhelming, we are unable to face the challenge. So, here I’m giving few tips to help you and your family to cope up with anxiety. They are:- Follow the expert guidelines for health and safety. When you do these things, you protect your whole family and community. Be a good role model for your kids. Let them see that you are following the guidelines. Accept anxiety as one o...

Theme                     Aziz-Fielding relationship                    Plot structure         Race and Gender                 Colonialism Edward Morgan Forster (1879-1970) an intellectual and Fellow of King’s College, Cambridge ranked among the most cosmopolitan men of his day. His novels are only five in number. After the early Where Angels Fear to Tread , with its well drawn characters, its comedy and the typical concern with the conflict between two different cultures comes The Longest Journey – a less attractive work that shows the same skill of characterization. A Room with a View like his first novel is set in Italy containing delicately handled excellent comedy. Next comes, his two masterpieces, Howards End and much later A Passage to India . Both deal with the misunderstandings that arise in relationships among in...

Plot structure              Critical analysis A Passage to India (1924) is considered as E.M.Forster ’s major work. Forster, major English author of the twentieth century is a writer of great technical and intellectual significance whose work deserves close study and analysis. Some of his major works are The Longest Journey, A Room with a View and Howards End . The present novel can be read as a valuable critique of British rule in India, a profound statement about personal relationships and a comment upon political, racial, ethical and metaphysical issues. A historical reading of the novel involves an understanding of how socio-economic factors of race and gender shape characters and episode. Race : Aziz , the very first character is entrapped within the colonial context as much as anyone else. Throughout, his warmest responses are evoked on the level of personal emotion. His meeting with Mrs. Moore at the mosque is important to him because o...