AGDIGITALNOTES

Diversification of Indian English Literature It is found that those Indians trying to accomplish creative self expression through English as the medium have given rise to ‘ Indo-Anglian Literature ’. It is said that J.H.Cousins coined the term ‘Indo Anglian Literature’ in 1883 and later it was given currency by Srinivasa Iyengar, the pioneer in this field in 1943.  The advantage with ‘Indo-Anglian’ is that it can be used both as an adjective and as substantive, but Indo-Englishman would be beyond our imagination.  It will not sound suitable and Anglo–Indian has an obvious ethnic connotation in Indian life and cannot therefore be used in another context like literature. Thus ‘Indo-Anglian’ is reasonably handy and descriptive and serves our purpose well enough owing to its acceptability. C.R. Reddy points out that Indo-Anglian literature is as Indian as other languages of India. Among its writers Raja Rao, Mulk Raj Anand, R.K. Narayan, Bhabani Bhattacharya, K.A. Abbas, Khu...

Diversification of Indian English Literature Coming to Indo-English Literature , it is observed that the classical works of Indian other languages getting translated into English are termed as Indo-English Literature.  The term was first coined by John B. Alphonso Karkala in 1970 to mean translated literature produced by Indian in English.  Rabindranath Tagore, a man with versatile talents wrote primarily in Bengali. He translated many of his poems and plays into English, often changing, telescoping and transforming the originals.  This he attempted as an escape from the exhaustion of Bengali Literature, thus becoming a great pioneer of Indo-English Literature.  Among his works Gitanjali was the first to be translated and achieved the phenomenal success.  Tagore’s ‘Chitra’ a loveliest drama stand apart from his other plays.  Whereas, the imaginative perfection is made manifest in his superb play, ‘ The Post Office’ .  Words fail to sum up the exqui...

Diversification of Indian English Literature Anglo-Indian Literature refers to the writing of English-men who are inspired by Indian motifs and by Indian spirit.   It also refers to the race, a microscopic minority in India, the result of cross-fertilization of the two fruitful cultures.   The Anglo Indian Literature is said to be born in 1783, the year of arrival in India of Sir William Jones , the great Orientalist, who became the first Anglo-Indian poet.   There is a large body of writing on Indian life and society, history etc by Englishmen including bureaucrats and missionaries.   All these Anglo-Indian writers were critical, in most cases of India and Indians.     In those times, it was from these works that the legislators and the narrow section of the British people made up public opinion and acquired their image of India.   They preferred the evidence for India’s depravity and backwardness.   The prejudiced views of these Anglo-I...

Indo-Anglian        Indo-English        Anglo-Indian The colonial encounter beginning in the early nineteenth century is an important factor in the formation of Indian English Literature, an encounter of conflict as well as of awareness. However, it also grew out of an Indian ethos and is responsive to the changing conceptions of Indian nationalism and self-interest. The plurality of Indian English Literature is the result of the clash of the local and the global. With the introduction of English in India, there was a spurt of translations from Indian Classics to English. Besides, there was a creative effort taken by indigenous people. Prior to these, non-Indian writers also contributed by writing about India in the English language. As such, Indian English Literature is diversified into three forms- Anglo-Indian Literature, Indo-English Literature and Indo-Anglian Literature Literature is a word very common in use.   It handles the symbo...

Novel and Short Story           The short story has a close connection with poem as there is in both a unique union of idea and structure.  It has been described as poetic in structure and narrative in intention, with the rare combination of ‘precision’ and ‘passion’ which provide beauty and appeal to it.  That is, a story should be compressed and economical the way a poem is free from digression and marked by intensity and wholeness.          According to Thesaurus dictionary , a poem is – “ A verbal composition designed to convey experiences, ideas or emotions      in a vivid  and imaginative way, characterized by the use of language chosen      for its sound and  suggestive power and by the use of literary techniques such as meter, metaphor and rhyme .”      According to encyclopedia, “Poetry is a form of literary art which uses aesthetic and rhythmi...

Poem and Short Story               Critics are of the opinion that during the depressing decades of the 19 th century, the short story found its inner and authentic voice.   It is preferred for its special feature; that of motion of remembrance.   Though, the writers are often great novelists; and the novelists, a great story writer but the short stories and novels are at par with each other.   We often find that a story is read in one sitting so its effect is sudden, powerful and revealing; whereas novel involves readers at a more leisurely pace, slowly illuminating complexities as it takes days to read. Moving forward towards novel, which is a marvelous fiction, its real    beauty   lies in its characterization and plot development.   It has several twists in the main story, and the reader often feels that the main story has been deviated and affected by the involvement of different sub-stories and sub-plot...