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Comparative Survey, Descriptive Research

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  Comparative survey research is a type of descriptive survey where it aims to compare the status of two or more variable, institutions, strategies etc. This technique often uses multiple disciplines in one study.This does not only compare different groups but also same group over time.Few points are to be kept in mind before starting the comparative survey. ·        Comparison Points -The research should be very clear regarding the points to be compared. This can also be identified through review of literature and experience of experts. ·        Assumption of Similarities -  One has to be clear about the similarities the two variable hold. If the researcher do not find this there is no point of comparison. Criteria of Comparison - The researcher has to identify the criteria of comparison keeping in mind the fairness and objectivity. Appropriate tools has to be identified for measurement of criterion variables. Comparative survey research is carried on when the researcher cannot
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Analyse the Relevance of ‘THE PLAYBOY OF WESTERN WORLD’ Today.

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Christy Mohan                Theme


John Millington Synge (1871-1909) was a born poet and dramatist. It was in 1898 he came to Aran Islands on the advice of Yeats. His plays deal with the life and living of the people of these islands. Daniel Corkery an eminent critic remarks,
    His ideas of literature were an imaginative treatment of the profound and common interest of life so that exaltation might result.
J.M.Synge wrote several plays like The Aran Islands, The Tinkers Wedding, Riders to the Sea, The Playboy of the Western World, In the Shadow of the Glen etc. The Playboy of the Western World, a highly controversial play exposed the middle-class audience to a different portrayal of Irish countryside life as opposed to the traditional idyllic image they were accustomed to. Synge strongly employs the element of satire in his play to inject humour, creating a light-hearted tragic-comedy as the play’s lack of morals would have offended the audience. At a first glance Playboy seems wholly of its time set in rural Ireland under English rule. But in fact its theme of authority and rebellion, self-invention and the power of language, fantasy and reality are timeless.
When Christy boasts of killing his father, the locals are thrilled and admiring, not because they are full of bloodthirsty dreams, but because in their drab and oppressed lives, Christy’s tale represents an attack on authority; a way of changing the world through a single decisive act. This sinful act in the play is presented as a metaphor of emancipation and achievement. It is treated with comic irony. Here, this act is treated as a necessary step to Christy’s maturity and his assumption of manhood. Yeats gave his opinion about the play as:
    It is the strangest; the most beautiful expression in drama of the Irish fantasy with overflowing thought of all Irish literature that has come out of Ireland itself is the unbroken character of the Irish genius.
The Playboy is also about the role playing which is what Christy does in living his big life. He is a boaster, coward, making people fool with boastful talks. He is a man of words rather than deeds. But at the end he becomes a man of deeds. For Christy, role playing is at first essential to his survival and later it becomes a means to self-discovery. For us, today, Christy would appear to be a literary device through which the writer confronts us with certain features of the Irish society of the time when the drama was written- the bad law and order situation, boastfulness, braggertness, immortality, dishonesty and so on. In another sense, Christy captures the unfolding historical contradictions of Ireland, a literary happening that takes us closer to the reality of that time.
The controversy over the play is long over and is now a permanent part of repertoire of the Abbey Theatre, but the issue of freedom of thought and expression it raises is alive. Words when spoken by the character on the stage increase a number of times in power than those of the written ones. The play or a book considered objectionable by a certain section of people must not be banned. The present age is an age of permissiveness and many themes considered objectionable earlier are now routinely presented, which a section of society accepts and other protest. Also the words have different meanings at different times. When the villagers call Christy, ‘The Playboy of the Western World’ they were championing him for his bravery for killing his father. However, he is later disgraced in the play, when the characters realise they have been deceived.. In the present times this wouldn’t fit the current definition of the playboy. What Christy becomes in the middle of the play, however does fulfil the definition. He has ladies after him and devotes all his time to leisure and pleasure. This off course changes towards the end of the play; Christy leaves Pegeen for his adventures. Christy is off to live a life of excitement, while Pegeen is doomed to a fate of marrying Shawn and a dull life in County Mayo. The difference in their fates reinforces the play’s status as a tragicomedy.
Hence, The Playboy of the Western World is a play where the mask literally creates or re-creates the man as we find today. The play brings the sub-conscious desire to the surface and treats the dread subject of patricide in a light-hearted manner. The play brings forth the image which we both dread and wish at the same time.

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