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Comparative Survey, Descriptive Research

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  Comparative survey research is a type of descriptive survey where it aims to compare the status of two or more variable, institutions, strategies etc. This technique often uses multiple disciplines in one study.This does not only compare different groups but also same group over time.Few points are to be kept in mind before starting the comparative survey. ·        Comparison Points -The research should be very clear regarding the points to be compared. This can also be identified through review of literature and experience of experts. ·        Assumption of Similarities -  One has to be clear about the similarities the two variable hold. If the researcher do not find this there is no point of comparison. Criteria of Comparison - The researcher has to identify the criteria of comparison keeping in mind the fairness and objectivity. Appropriate tools has to be identified for measurement of criterion variables. Comparative survey research is carried on when the researcher cannot
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Briefly Explain Bloomfield Methodology (Linguistics)

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An American linguist Leonard Bloomfield who led the development of structural linguistics during 1930s was born in 1887. He is especially known for his book Language (1933) describing the state of art of linguistics at its time.
The mechanism of Bloomfield was closely related to behaviourism in psychology, that is human conduct is totally predictable. Even speech must be explained by the external conditions surrounding its productions. This theory was given a new status in structural approach. This led to a higher degree of precision in the grammatical description of language. For e.g. English adjective category can be more precisely defined as: a word which can stand between the definite article ‘the’ and a noun and which never takes –s in the plural. Therefore, the American linguistics followed certain order of the levels of grammatical description as stated:-
(a)    Phonemics
(b)   Morphemic
(c)    Syntax
(d)   Discourse
The corpus consists of speech, so as the first operation is phonemic. Bloomfieldians worked out the principle of analysis in the field of phonemics which was based on the criterion of distribution and exemplified by substitution test.
Since, language consists of a string of phonemes which are grouped into minimal recurrent sequences or morphs; hence, there is a morphemic operation.
Bloomfieldians most important contribution to the theory of syntax has been the analysis of immediate constituents. In order to discover the structure of linguistic units one divides the utterance into two parts, which are in turn divided into two parts, until one arrives at the minimal elements that can no longer be divided using the same criteria. As such, one arrives at the immediate constituents. This analysis proposed by American structuralism not only helped to reveal the principles by which the structure of a message may be linguistically organised but also offered the possibility of studying languages that do not need logical categories to construct a signifying system. American structuralism introduces the epistemological break not in explanation but by offering a flat description of language.
Bloomfieldians insistence on description had in fact largely emanated from their faithful adherence to empirical conception according to which science has only to describe phenomena. This analytical approach to structure has rendered language static- an object without history. Thus, the Bloomfield methodology in linguistics has made a language a speaking subject.


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